Immanuel - Mankato Bible Class
Study of Philippians – Lesson 8
March 4, 2001
Philippians 2:5-11
Introduction:
In the previous section, Paul admonished the Philippians to
"…each esteem others better than himself…look out not only for his own interests,
but also for the interests of others" (1:3-4). In these following verses, Paul
uses our Savior as the perfect example illustrating the "mind" he had encouraged the
Philippians to have.
In the process of illustrating his admonition, Paul provides a clear description of
Jesus’ humiliation and exaltation. Even though these words provide insight
into Jesus’ humiliation/exaltation it is important not to lose sight of verse 5 which
states Paul’s purpose for presenting what he does.
This section of Scripture is spiritual "meat" (vs. "milk") and as such it conflicts
with human logic and understanding. There have been, therefore, a great many theories
and unscriptural conclusions made by a variety of theologians and commentators throughout
the years. The scope of the study below does not allow for a consideration of all the
errors that have been forced upon this text (passing mention of some of the errors will
be made).
Before beginning to study this section it is helpful to remember what Paul’s purpose
for writing was. Paul wrote these words to the Philippian Christians for their
instruction and encouragement. A Lutheran
commentator (F.W. Wenzel) comments appropriately: "…[the Philippians] were not
learned commentators and dogmaticians, but were simple Christians. Nor did Paul
write his letter for dogmaticians, but for Christians. Had the Philippians been
confronted with the task of finding their way through the maze of conflicting
opinions on the whole passage, as found in the commentaries, dogmatics, and other
treatises, they never would have gained any certainty as to the humiliation and
exaltation of Christ." [p.64f]
Philippians 2:5-11 [NKJV]
Let this mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus, who,
being in the form of God, did not consider it robbery to be equal with God, but
made Himself of no reputation, taking the form of a bondservant, and coming in the
likeness of men. And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself and
became obedient to the point of death, even the death of the cross. Therefore God
also has highly exalted Him and given Him the name which is above every name, that
at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of those in heaven, and of those on earth,
and of those under the earth, and that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is
Lord, to the glory of God the Father.
Verse 5: Keep on having the attitude in you (pl.) – the one that
is also in Christ Jesus.
- Paul doesn’t deal with externals and superficiality. He goes right to the root,
namely, the thoughts, attitude, mindset of the Philippians. Having encouraged the
Philippians to an unselfish attitude in the previous verses (vv.3-4), Paul reasserts
the same encouragement/admonition in a slightly different way in order to lead into
his example (vv. 5ff). "Keep being Christ-minded…let me show you what I mean…"
(Peter also directed his readers to the example of Christ, cf: 1 Peter 2:21ff).
- What follows refers to the INCARNATE SON OF GOD, i.e. after the
Son of God had become man. Some have maintained that Paul begins by referring to the
Son of God before the incarnation. There are reasons this does not fit the
context of vv. 6ff (see below), but neither does that understanding fit this verse.
Paul refers to "Christ Jesus." These are names used to refer to the incarnate
Son of God. Furthermore, Paul is citing the following as an example for
us to follow. "The example of Christ as God is rarely if ever set
before the Christians as an example to follow, whereas His example as man in constantly
alluded to…" (Wenzel, p. 64). We certainly cannot follow Christ in His humiliation, nor
does Paul suggest this. Rather, he urges us to follow Jesus in His attitude/mind-set as
demonstrated in His humiliation. Confusion also arises if Jesus’ incarnation and
humiliation are equated…more on this later.
Verse 6: Who, existing in connection with the form of God, did
not consider being equal with God a prize to be held fast.
- FORM: The word translated "form" means: "form, shape, bodily shape, outward
appearance." This does not refer to the nature or essence of something, but rather the
manner in which the essence expresses itself. Example: Fire
is the essence, the light and heat is the form under which it appears. This is an
important point, because if "form" and "nature" were identical, the parting with the
"form" in the humiliation (vv.7-8) would have involved parting with the essence of God.
Jesus did not surrender His divine essence or nature in his humiliation, He set aside the
manner in which that Divine nature shows itself outwardly.
- Cf: John 1:1 -- When the eternal WORD (logos) became flesh, the divine nature
was intimately united with the human nature that it assumed. The human nature was thus
"in the form of God"…the human nature was not God itself, but was in the form of God. The
WORD is not just equal with god, He IS God! As the eternal WORD He did not
exist in the form of God, but was God by nature (cf: Colossians 2:9).
- PRIZE/BOOTY/SPOILS – literally, the loot of a victorious warrior. A victorious
warrior would typically use his spoils according to his desires and for his own selfish
purposes Had Christ looked upon his communicated glory, power, and majesty in this light
our salvation could not have been accomplished. But He looked not toward His gain, but
to ours (cf: v. 5).
- Jesus’ divine nature is not capable of experiencing humiliation.
"In Jesus’ incarnation, the human nature which Jesus assumed shared in all the
characteristics of his divine nature. The two natures are now perfectly united.
After the incarnation the Bible speaks of one divine-human Christ, the God-man.
Jesus possesses all of the fullness of the divinity. Yet, because He is truly man
as well as truly God, He could and did humble Himself for us. Because our human
understanding of divine things is limited by sin, we cannot fully fathom this, but
God clearly reveals these awe-inspiring truths to us in his word. We humbly accept
them in grateful faith. [People’s Bible…p. 43, NPH]
Verse 7-8: But instead, He emptied Himself by
taking the form of a slave being made in the likeness of men; and being found in
fashion as a man He lowered himself, becoming obedient/subject as far as death—even
the death of a cross!
- EMPTIED: Christ did not empty himself of his divine nature. Rather He
gave up the "form" – the expression/outward display and use of being God – which
He had not considered something to be grasped. Jesus emptied himself of the full
and constant use of all the prerogatives of his divinity…this emptying was a necessary
part of his being our redeemer.
- Jesus’ humiliation is not equal to His incarnation! If it were, He would still
be in humiliation which we know is not the case (see below). There is no reason Jesus
could not have shown His full "form of God" while also a man (cf: Mt. Of
Transfiguration).
- The events on the Mount of Transfiguration are a small window to show Jesus’ divinity
in the midst of His humiliation. However this was only once, brief, not public, and
served a definite purpose in His ministry.
- FORM: Same as above "form of God…form of slave"
- FOUND emphasizes that it is not the essence but what appears on the
outside.
- LIKENESS: the being born, growing up, eating, drinking, being hungry, etc.
(cf: Hebrews 2:14)
- Verse 8 is pure GOSPEL!
- EVEN death on the cross: Galatians 3:13
- FOUND emphasizes that it is not the essence but what appears on the
outside.
- HUMILIATION NOT ACCORDING TO DIVINE NATURE (and CAN’T be!):
Psalm 102:25-27; Malachi 3:6, etc.
- EMPTIED:
Of Divine glory: John 17:5
Riches: Matthew 8:20
Omnipotence: Luke 22:42 (He voluntarily took infirmities upon Himself)
Wisdom/Knowledge: Luke 2:52 (He became one who could acquire knowledge)
Omniscience: Matthew 24:36; Mark 11:13
- LUTHER: "Over and above the fact hat He proved His form of a servant by
being made in the likeness of men and found in the fashion of a man, He did this
extra thing that He became less than a human being" (by being humbled even to the
death on the cross) [Quoted by Wenzel, p. 69]
- "To illustrate this, we may say that Christ, walking through the world, preferred
to cover up His royal robe with a poor beggar’s garment. But when he performed a
miracle, the beggar’s dress turned back a bit so that people could sense something
of His royal highness…While Christ entered into the form of a servant, He remained
in the form of God. The whole Gospel story shows that this is true, Christ was at all
times true God, even in His state of humiliation." [Stoeckhardt, p.37]
Verse 9-11: For this reason, God has also super-exalted Him
(hyper-exalted) and freely given to Him the name that exceeds every name so that at
the name of Jesus every knee of those in heaven should bow, and every knee of those
on earth should bow, and every knee of those under the earth should bow; and that every
tongue should openly acknowledge that Lord Jesus Christ is to the glory of God the
Father.
- v.5 is still under discussion. "For this Reason.." This is RESULT, not
payment/reward. This verse becomes a comfort to Christians because it shows
that God accepted His humiliation/sacrifice. "The exaltation is God’s receipt
to the world that the sins of the world have been paid for" [Wenzel p. 70]
- God’s exaltation is opposite of the emptying described above…
- Every knee…
Heaven = angels
Earth = now living on earth
Under the earth = souls who have died? Devil and his angels?
- In His exaltation Jesus, according to both natures, makes full use of all
His power. His human body is now in full possession of the divine glory and
majesty which was communicated to him at the time of the incarnation.
- The exaltation is a natural consequence…the work was complete!
- Worship of the Son is worship of the Father -- John 5:23
- State of Exaltation: Luke 24:26; Romans 6:9
- Exaltation as (gift from)coming from God: Psalm 2:8; Acts 5:31;
Ephesians 1:20-22
- The exaltation does not change the human nature, only in the manner of
living: 1 Timothy 2:5; Acts 1:11
- The state of exaltation lasts forever (unlike the state of humiliation):
Luke 1:33; Romans 6:9; Revelation 1:18
- Believers will share in Christ’s exaltation
From our Confessions….
Formula of Concord (Epitome, Article VIII, #11): According to the personal
union He always possessed this majesty [of God]. But in the state of His humiliation
He dispensed with it and could therefore, truly increase in age, wisdom, and favor with
God and men, for He did not always disclose this majesty, but only when it pleased Him.
Finally, after His resurrection He laid aside completely the form of a slave,
Philippians 2:7, (not the human nature) and was established in the full use, revelation,
and manifestation of His divine majesty. Thus He entered into His glory in such a way that
now not only as God, but also as man, He knows all things, can do all things, is present to
all creatures, and has all things in heaven and on earth and under the earth beneath His
feet and in His hands, John 13:3, as He Himself testifies, "all authority in heaven and on
earth has been given to Me,"(Matthew 28:18), and as St. Paul states, He ascended "far
above all the heavens that He might fill all things" (Ephesians 4:10). He exercises his
power everywhere omnipresently, He can do everything, and He knows everything."
[Tappert, p. 489]
READ 2 Corinthians 8:9, 1 Peter 2:23, Matthew 11:29, John 13:5
- What do all the passages tell us about Christ
- What makes the humiliation of Jesus so great and awesome?
- Can you think of OT references that foretold the Messiah would be humble and lowly
- Why did Jesus’ enemies think His humiliation proved He was not the Christ?
- Why is it so difficult for us (even though we are Christians) to practice
lowliness and humility in dealing with others?
{WCE}